What a new garment costs
New clothing is cheap at the till because most of what it costs is paid somewhere else, by
someone else. The bill is real. It is just not itemised on the tag.
Water and land
Cotton is a thirsty crop, and a great deal of it is grown in places that were already
short of water. Irrigating it at scale takes water away from the farms and the towns
downstream. The Aral Sea is the standing example of what that does to a region over a
working lifetime, and it is not the only basin under that pressure.
Rivers, dye and finishing
Dyeing and finishing is where a fabric mill meets a river. Where effluent treatment is
weak, or is written into law but not enforced, the colour of the coming season turns up in
the water downstream, along with the salts, the fixing agents and the metals that carried
it. The people who live on that river did not choose the palette.
Fibre that does not leave
Most clothing made today is synthetic, which means it starts as fossil fuel and never
fully goes away. Polyester and its relatives shed microfibres in every wash, and those
fibres have been found everywhere anyone has thought to look for them, from river sediment
to the deep ocean.
The people who sew it
Garment assembly concentrates where labour is cheapest and legal protection is thinnest,
and it moves the moment either of those changes. A fast order book is paid for in
compulsory overtime, in buildings nobody inspected and in wages held below what it costs
to live where the work is. Rana Plaza, in 2013, is the reason most shoppers know any of
this at all. The industry it exposed was reformed at the edges, not rebuilt.
Where it ends up
Very little of it is ever worn out. What does not sell, and what is thrown away while it
is still perfectly good, is baled and shipped abroad, and the markets that receive it take
in far more than they can possibly resell. The remainder is dumped, buried or burned on
land belonging to people who bought none of it. The secondhand markets of West Africa and
the clothing piled in the Atacama are the two places most often photographed. They are not
the only two.
We do not publish a carbon figure for a resold coat, and we do not sell offsets against
one. The honest version of this claim is narrow, and it is enough on its own: this
garment exists already, and one more did not have to be made.